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秦巴山脉区域 15

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Key issues in development of offshore natural gas hydrate

Shouwei ZHOU, Qingping LI, Xin LV, Qiang FU, Junlong ZHU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 433-442 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0684-1

摘要： As a new clean energy resource in the 21st century, natural gas hydrate is considered as one of the most promising strategic resources in the future. This paper, based on the research progress in exploitation of natural gas hydrate (NGH) in China and the world, systematically reviewed and discussed the key issues in development of natural gas hydrate. From an exploitation point of view, it is recommended that the concepts of diagenetic hydrate and non-diagenetic hydrate be introduced. The main factors to be considered are whether diagenesis, stability of rock skeleton structure, particle size and cementation mode, thus NGHs are divided into 6 levels and used unused exploitation methods according to different types. The study of the description and quantitative characterization of abundance in hydrate enrichment zone, and looking for gas hydrate dessert areas with commercial exploitation value should be enhanced. The concept of dynamic permeability and characterization of the permeability of NGH by time-varying equations should be established. The ‘Three-gas co-production’ (natural gas hydrate, shallow gas, and conventional gas) may be an effective way to achieve early commercial exploitation. Although great progress has been made in the exploitation of natural gas hydrate, there still exist enormous challenges in basic theory research, production methods, and equipment and operation modes. Only through hard and persistent exploration and innovation can natural gas hydrate be truly commercially developed on a large scale and contribute to sustainable energy supply.

关键词： natural gas hydrate exploitation offshore     diagenetic and non-diagenetic hydrate     solid-state fluidization method     dessert in enrichment area     three-gas combined production on gas hydrate abundance    

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页岩气主要富集因素与核心区选择及评价

王社教,杨涛,张国生,李登华,陈晓明

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第6期   页码 94-100

摘要：

影响页岩气规模开发的因素很多，最核心的因素是首先要通过建立地质评价标准，选出页岩气核心区。核心区的确定关系到在页岩气勘探初期，是否能找准页岩气最富集的目标，选择最有利地区进行勘探，突破出气关，进而实现大规模经济开发。从页岩气成藏特征、页岩气富集因素分析入手，重点探讨我国富有机质页岩的丰度、成熟度、脆性矿物含量、含气性以及盖层等关键参数及其作用。借鉴北美页岩气勘探开发和研究成果，结合我国页岩气勘探开发和研究新进展，初步建立我国页岩气核心区地质评价标准，并优选出我国南方海相页岩气的核心区，指出四川盆地南部是我国最现实的页岩气开发区。

关键词： 核心区     选区与评价     富集因素     海相页岩     页岩气    

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Water Diversion is Not to Blame for Phosphorus Enrichment in Taihu Lake

Zhiyuan Wang,Qiuwen Chen,Jianyun Zhang,Hanlu Yan,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.007

摘要： The Water Diversion Project from the Yangtze River to Taihu Lake (WDYT) has been widely recognized as an urgent and effective engineering measure to increase water resources, ameliorate the hydrodynamics and water quality conditions, and safeguard the water supply of Taihu Basin. However, some previous studies claimed that WDYT has brought in allochthonous nutrients and should take responsibility for the dramatic increase in phosphorus loading of Taihu Lake in recent years, because Yangtze River has a higher average phosphorus concentration than Taihu Lake. To ensure correct public understanding and provide a critical response to the misconception about the source of phosphorus loading, we quantified contribution of water diversion from the Yangtze River to phosphorus loadings of Taihu Lake over the past twenty years. We reveal that WDYT only diverted 4.3% annually of total phosphorus input of Taihu Lake in the last decade and should not be responsible for the increase in phosphorus concentration and loading in Taihu Lake. We conclude that phosphorus input from the Huxi Region contribute 78% of phosphorus input of Taihu Lake and should be primarily responsible for the high phosphorus concentration of Taihu Lake. Our findings have provided constructive guidance for water resource management of Taihu Basin and phosphorus load control of the second stage of WDYT.
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Experimental investigation on possibility of oxygen enrichment by using gradient magnetic fields

CAI Jun, WANG Li, TONG Lige, SUN Shufeng, WU Ping

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 271-276 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0049-x

摘要： This paper presents a novel method that uses the interception effect of gradient magnetic field on oxygen molecules to realize enrichment. The use of two opposite magnetic poles of two magnets at a certain distance forms a magnetic space having a field intensity gradient near its borders. When air injected into the magnetic space outflows from the magnetic space via its borders, oxygen molecules in the air will experience the interception effect of the gradient magnetic field, but nitrogen molecules will outflow from the magnetic space without hindrance. Thus, continuous oxygen enrichment is realized. The enrichment degree of oxygen reaches 0.65% when the inlet and outlet air flows are 40 mL/min and 20 mL/min, respectively, and the gas temperature is 298 K and the maximal product of magnetic flux density and its gradient is 563 T/m (the distance between two magnetic poles is 1 mm). When the gas temperature rises to 343 K, the enrichment degree drops to 0.32%; and when the maximal product of magnetic flux density and field intensity gradient drops to 101 T/m (the distance between two magnetic poles is 4 mm), the enrichment degree drops to 0.23%. The experimental results show that there is an optimal ratio between the inlet air flow and the outlet air flow. Under the experimental conditions in this paper, the value is about 2.0. It is demonstrated that the method presented in this paper can continuously enrich oxygen and has a higher enrichment degree than other oxygen-enrichment methods using magnetic separation.
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the effect of nitrogen on mixed culture polyhydroxyalkanoate production toward high organic loading enrichment

Zhiqiang Chen, Lizhi Zhao, Ye Ji, Qinxue Wen, Long Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1135-2

摘要：

Effect of nitrogen on mixed culture PHA production was reconsidered.

Enrichment history of PHA accumulating culture was discussed.

Higher PHA content and biomass growth were achieved in presence of nitrogen.

Enrichment strategy toward higher PHA accumulation was investigated.

Microbial community succession in PHA accumulation phase was investigated.

关键词： Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)     Organic loading rate     Nitrogen content     Biomass growth     Enrichment history    

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Enrichment and transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through dust aerosol generation from

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1610-7

摘要：

● Compositional patterns of PAHs in dust aerosol vary from soil during dust generation.

关键词： Dust aerosols     Enrichment factors (EFs)     Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)    

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Mercury enrichment in

Chunhao Dai, Pufeng Qin, Zhangwei Wang, Jian Chen, Xianshan Zhang, Si Luo

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0892-z

摘要： Mercury enrichment in response to elevated atmospheric mercury concentrations in the organs of rape ( ) was investigated. Elevated soil mercury content had significant impact on mercury accumulation in rape stems, roots, seeds and seed coats. Leaf mercury in the leaves was mostly affected by atmospheric input while the stems were mostly affected by soil concentrations. Mercury in the aboveground plant tissue mainly derived from atmospheric absorption, and atmospheric mercury absorption in leaves was higher than that in the stems. Mercury enrichment in response to elevated atmospheric mercury concentrations in the organs of rape ( ) was investigated using an open top chamber fumigation experiment and a soil mercury enriched cultivation experiment. Results indicate that the mercury concentration in leaves and stems showed a significant variation under different concentrations of mercury in atmospheric and soil experiments while the concentration of mercury in roots, seeds and seed coats showed no significant variation under different atmospheric mercury concentrations. Using the function relation established by the experiment, results for atmospheric mercury sources in rape field biomass showed that atmospheric sources accounted for at least 81.81% of mercury in rape leaves and 32.29% of mercury in the stems. Therefore, mercury in the aboveground biomass predominantly derives from the absorption of atmospheric mercury.

关键词： Open top chamber     Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM)     Soil Mercury     Brassica napus    

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Can floor-area-ratio incentive promote low impact development in a highly urbanized area?

Ming Cheng, Huapeng Qin, Kangmao He, Hongliang Xu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-1002-y

摘要： As an environmental friendly measure for surface runoff reduction, low impact development (LID) has been applied successfully in urban areas. However, due to high price of land and additional expense for LID construction in highly urbanized areas, the developers of real estate would not like to proceed LID exploitation. Floor area ratio (FAR) refers to “the ratio of a building’s total floor area to the size of the piece of land upon which it is built.” Increasing FAR indicates that the developers can construct higher buildings and earn more money. By means of awarding FAR, the developers may be willing to practice LID construction. In this study, a new residential district is selected as a case study to analyze the trade-off between the runoff reduction goal achieving by LID practices and the incentive of awarding FAR to promote LID construction. The System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis IntegratioN (SUSTAIN) model is applied to simulate the runoff reduction under various LID designs and then derive the Pareto-optimal solutions to achieve urban runoff reduction goals based on cost efficiency. The results indicates that the maximum surface runoff reduction is 20.5%. Under the extremity scenarios, the government has options to award FAR of 0.028, 0.038 and 0.047 and the net benefits developers gain are 0 CNY, one million CNY and two million CNY, respectively. The results provide a LID construction guideline related to awarding FAR, which supports incentive policy making for promoting LID practices in the highly urbanized areas.

关键词： Low impact development     Runoff reduction     Incentive     Floor area ratio     SUSTAIN(System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis IntegratioN)    

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Effective enrichment of Zn from smelting wastewater via an integrated Fe coagulation and hematite precipitation

Zhan Qu, Ting Su, Yu Chen, Xue Lin, Yang Yu, Suiyi Zhu, Xinfeng Xie, Mingxin Huo

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1178-4

摘要： 98.5% Zn was enriched from Zn-bearing smelting wastewater. 99.5% Fe was hydrothermally precipitated into hematite nanoparticles. Highly purified hematite nanoparticles were obtained. The residual Zn was 2169 mg/L, 290 times of that in smelting wastewater. Coagulation is commonly applied to treat Zn-bearing wastewater from smelting industries (smelting wastewater), and thus the Zn-bearing sludge was considerably produced, which should be solidified before safety disposal. Herein, we demonstrated a novel approach to recycle Zn effectively from smelting wastewater via an integrated Fe coagulation and hematite precipitation method. First, smelting wastewater was coagulated by adding ferric chloride to generate Fe/Zn-bearing sludge (sludge for short). Secondly, the sludge was dissolved to generate an acid solution containing 2.2 g/L of Zn and 39.2 g/L of Fe. Thirdly, the Fe/Zn-bearing solution was hydrothermally treated, and 89% of Fe was eliminated to highly purified hematite block, whereas the percentage of Zn lost was below 1.1%. Finally, the hematite precipitates were collected, and the supernatant was hydrothermally treated again with the addition of glucose. When the molar ratio of glucose to Fe in the supernatant was 1.5, over 99.5% of Fe was precipitated in hematite nanoparticles with a diameter of 10–100 nm, and the residual Fe was 21.5 mg/L. The loss of Zn was below 0.4%, and the residual Zn in the solution was 2169 mg/L, 290 times of that in the smelting wastewater. The major mechanism for Fe removal was the hydrolysis of ferric nitrate into hematite, which was promoted by nitrate consumption in glucose oxidation. This paper is the first report of an environment-friendly method for enriching Zn without generating any waste.

关键词： Smelting wastewater     Hydrothermal     Hematite precipitation     Heavy metals    

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DSM in an area consisting of residential, commercial and industrial load in smart grid

Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 211-216 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0351-0

摘要： With the latest introduction of the demand side management (DSM) in smart grids, the power distribution units are able to modify the load schedules of the consumers. This involves a co-operative interaction of the utility and the consumers so as to achieve customer load modifications in which the customer, utility and society all are benefited. The interaction is performed with the help of the devices known as the smart meter. This paper shows the use of game theory and logical mathematical expressions in order to achieve the objectives. The objectives are to minimize the peak to average ratio (PAR) and the energy cost. The outcome of the game between supplier and customers helps to shape the load profile. The design proposed in this paper is very user-friendly and is based on simple logarithmic programming computations. In this paper, residential, commercial and industrial types of loads are taken into account. A basic 24 h load schedule along with the fluctuating prices at each hour of the day is forecasted by the supplier of the various shiftable and non-shiftable loads and then that schedule is conveyed to the user. The users are encouraged to shift their high load devices to off-peak hours which will not only reduce their electricity costs but also substantially reduce the PAR in the load demand.

关键词： demand side management (DSM)     smart grids     peak to average ratio (PAR)     smart meters and logarithmic price function    

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Efficient controller area network data compression for automobile applications

Yu-jing WU,Jin-Gyun CHUNG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第16卷 第1期   页码 70-78 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400136

摘要： Controller area networks (CANs) have been designed for multiplexing communication between electronic control units (ECUs) in vehicles and many high-level industrial control applications. When a CAN bus is overloaded by a large number of ECUs connected to it, both the waiting time and the error probability of the data transmission are increased. Thus, it is desirable to reduce the CAN frame length, since the duration of data transmission is proportional to the frame length. In this paper, we present a CAN message compression method to reduce the CAN frame length. Experimental results indicate that CAN transmission data can be compressed by up to 81.06% with the proposed method. By using an embedded test board, we show that 64-bit engine management system (EMS) CAN data compression can be performed within 0.16 ms; consequently, the proposed algorithm can be successfully used in automobile applications.

关键词： Controller area network (CAN)     Electronic control units (ECUs)     Data compression     Signal rearrangement    

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Enrichment of CO from syngas with Cu(I)Y adsorbent by five-bed VPSA

Shuna LI, Huawei YANG, Donghui ZHANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 472-481 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1351-4

摘要： Cu(I)Y adsorbent was prepared by reduction of Cu(II)Y which was prepared by ion exchange between the NaY zeolite and a solution of Cu(II) chloride. The dynamic adsorption capacity of Cu(I)Y for CO was calculated by adsorption breakthrough curve measured on a fixed bed at 30°C and 0.006 MPa (g) of CO partial pressure. The calculated CO adsorption capacity was 2.14 mmol/g, 37.5 times as much as that of NaY zeolite. The adsorption breakthrough curve experiment was also simulated with Aspen Adsorption software and the results were approximately consistent with experimental results. Then a five-bed VPSA process for separating CO from syngas on this adsorbent was dynamically simulated with Aspen Adsorption software with the adsorption pressure of 0.68 MPa (g) and the desorption pressure of -0.075 MPa (g). The results showed that CO was enriched from 32.3% to 95.16%–98.12%, and its recovery was 88.47%–99.44%.

关键词： Cu(I)Y adsorbent     breakthrough curve     desorption     VPSA     simulation    

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Simulation model based on Monte Carlo method for traffic assignment in local area road network

Yuchuan DU, Yuanjing GENG, Lijun SUN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 195-203 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0032-3

摘要： For a local area road network, the available traffic data of traveling are the flow volumes in the key intersections, not the complete OD matrix. Considering the circumstance characteristic and the data availability of a local area road network, a new model for traffic assignment based on Monte Carlo simulation of intersection turning movement is provided in this paper. For good stability in temporal sequence, turning ratio is adopted as the important parameter of this model. The formulation for local area road network assignment problems is proposed on the assumption of random turning behavior. The traffic assignment model based on the Monte Carlo method has been used in traffic analysis for an actual urban road network. The results comparing surveying traffic flow data and determining flow data by the previous model verify the applicability and validity of the proposed methodology.

关键词： traffic assignment     local area road network     turning ratio     Monte Carlo method    

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Upgrade of three municipal wastewater treatment lagoons using a high surface area media

John WANG, Peng JIN, Paul L. BISHOP, Fuzhi LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 288-293 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0280-z

摘要： Lagoon-based municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are facing difficulties meeting the needs of rapid population growth as well as the more stringent requirements of discharge permits. Three municipal WWTPs were modified using a high surface area media with upgraded fine-bubble aeration systems. Performance data collected showed very promising results in terms of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD ), ammonia (NH ) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal. Two-year average ammonia effluents were 4.1 mg·L for Columbia WWTP, 4 mg·L for Larchmont WWTP and 2.1 mg·L for Laurelville WWTP, respectively. Two- year average BOD effluents were 6.8, 4.9 and 2.7 mg·L , and TSS effluents were 15.0, 9.6 and 7.5 mg·L . The systems also showed low fecal coliform (FC) levels in their effluents.

关键词： wastewater lagoons     wastewater biological treatment     ammonia removal     high surface area media     fine bubble aeration    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Key issues in development of offshore natural gas hydrate

Shouwei ZHOU, Qingping LI, Xin LV, Qiang FU, Junlong ZHU

期刊论文

页岩气主要富集因素与核心区选择及评价

王社教,杨涛,张国生,李登华,陈晓明

期刊论文

Distribution, enrichment mechanism and risk assessment for fluoride in groundwater: a case study of Mihe-Weihe

期刊论文

Water Diversion is Not to Blame for Phosphorus Enrichment in Taihu Lake

Zhiyuan Wang,Qiuwen Chen,Jianyun Zhang,Hanlu Yan,

期刊论文

Experimental investigation on possibility of oxygen enrichment by using gradient magnetic fields

CAI Jun, WANG Li, TONG Lige, SUN Shufeng, WU Ping

期刊论文

the effect of nitrogen on mixed culture polyhydroxyalkanoate production toward high organic loading enrichment

Zhiqiang Chen, Lizhi Zhao, Ye Ji, Qinxue Wen, Long Huang

期刊论文

Enrichment and transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through dust aerosol generation from

期刊论文

Mercury enrichment in

Chunhao Dai, Pufeng Qin, Zhangwei Wang, Jian Chen, Xianshan Zhang, Si Luo

期刊论文

Can floor-area-ratio incentive promote low impact development in a highly urbanized area?

Ming Cheng, Huapeng Qin, Kangmao He, Hongliang Xu

期刊论文

Effective enrichment of Zn from smelting wastewater via an integrated Fe coagulation and hematite precipitation

Zhan Qu, Ting Su, Yu Chen, Xue Lin, Yang Yu, Suiyi Zhu, Xinfeng Xie, Mingxin Huo

期刊论文

DSM in an area consisting of residential, commercial and industrial load in smart grid

Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

期刊论文

Efficient controller area network data compression for automobile applications

Yu-jing WU,Jin-Gyun CHUNG

期刊论文

Enrichment of CO from syngas with Cu(I)Y adsorbent by five-bed VPSA

Shuna LI, Huawei YANG, Donghui ZHANG

期刊论文

Simulation model based on Monte Carlo method for traffic assignment in local area road network

Yuchuan DU, Yuanjing GENG, Lijun SUN

期刊论文

Upgrade of three municipal wastewater treatment lagoons using a high surface area media

John WANG, Peng JIN, Paul L. BISHOP, Fuzhi LI

期刊论文